Notes Toward a World-Historical Data Resource

Historical notes

Historical notes on cancer.

CANCER means to us today 'malignant growth'. In spite of this specification it is a notion comparable in its vagueness and all-embracing character only to the expressions 'fever' or 'plague', as they were used four hundred years ago, the former embracing then such diverse diseases as malaria, typhus, or typhoid, the latter being applied to any kind ofdeadly epidemic, be it smallpox, bubonic pla...

Toward a Cultural-Historical Understanding

Mediation is a key notion in dialectical approaches to understanding consciousness, thinking, and thought. However, the scholarly literature is replete with uses of the notion that are inconsistent with the dialectical framework within it, which has the specific function to articulate and explain the unit of a phenomenon and the corresponding unit of scientific analysis. The purpose of this pap...

Historical Notes on Hybrid Metaheuristics

1.1 INTRODUCTION Finding optimal solutions is in general computationally intractable for many com-binatorial optimization problems, e.g., those known as NP-hard [54]. The classical approach for dealing with this fact was the use of approximation algorithms, i.e., relaxing the goal from finding the optimal solution to obtaining solutions within some bounded distance from the former [61]. Unfortu...

Historical notes on loop theory

This paper deals with the origins and early history of loop theory, summarizing the period from the 1920s through the 1960s.